- TV as a Creative Medium at Howard Wise Gallery Bibliography
- Electronic Arts Intermix: Howard Wise essay Groups
Marita Sturken's Afterimage essay (May 1984) documents Howard Wise's founding of the Howard Wise Gallery (Cleveland 1957; New York 50 W. 57th St., opened 1960) and his organization of the seminal exhibition TV as a Creative Medium (opened May 17, 1969). Wise (b. Nov 6, 1903, Cleveland) established Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI) circa 1971 to fund, edit and distribute video art; EAI received NYSCA support ($35,000 first year), distributed over 100 tapes and grew to a collection exceeding 350 with an operating budget near $250,000 while Wise took no salary.
- TV As a Creative Medium: Howard Wise and Video Art Interview
Howard Wise, a Cleveland-born gallery owner who opened the Howard Wise Gallery on W. 57th St. (1960), organized the May 17, 1969 exhibition TV as a Creative Medium, which showcased video installations (Wipe Cycle), performances by Nam June Paik and Charlotte Moorman, and experiments with portapaks and video synthesizers. Wise closed the gallery and founded Electronic Arts Intermix (EAI) in 1971 to fund, edit and distribute video art; EAI received NYSCA and NEA support (including $35,000 from NYSCA its first year), established editing/postproduction facilities and a distribution service, and built a collection of over 350 videotapes.
- The Role of Technology in the Art of Nam June Paik: The Social Implications of Television Bibliography
Nam June Paik made television the central medium of his art; early works include Participation TV (1965), exhibited at the New School for Social Research and Galeria Bonino and later at the Howard Wise Gallery, New York (1969), and Magnet TV (1965), developed at the New School to distort broadcast images with a large magnet. He developed a Video Synthesizer with Shuya Abe (1969–70) to manipulate video and immersed himself in electronics and engineering, citing Norbert Wiener and the electronic music studio. As a Fluxus artist he and Wolf Vostell staged destructive performances from 1959, and Vostell showed smashed television sets at the Smolin Gallery in 1963.
- "Vision and Television" Chronology
Vision and Television was exhibited at the Rose Art Museum, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts, from January 21 to February 22, 1970; the show was organized and its catalog foreword written by Russell Connor. The exhibition presented video and electronic works, including Frank Gillette (Amps, Volts and Watts), Nam June Paik with Charlotte Moorman (TV Bra for Living Sculpture) and Nam June Paik (The 9/23 Experiment, Still Life and Embryo for Wall to Wall TV). Other participants included Les Levine, Aldo Tambellini, USCO/Intermedia and Videofreex.
- Video is Being Invented Bibliography
Nam June Paik is presented as a seminal figure in the emergence of video art; he experimented with television in Germany and Japan, moved to New York in 1964, and with Shuya Abe developed the Video Synthesizer in 1970, producing works such as the T. V. Chair and the Television Bra. The text surveys artists working in video—Keith Sonnier, Linda Benglis, Joan Jonas, Nancy Holt, William Wegman, Michael Snow, Bruce Nauman, Peter Campus and George Boiling—and documents practices using portable videotape recorders, live feedback, colorization and synthesized color, video environments, and independent video groups and cable/public-access distribution.